About Encaustic
What is Encaustic
Encaustic is a painting medium made from heated beeswax combined with resin. The mixture is applied while molten onto a porous surface and then reheated so the layers bond together. The term “encaustic” comes from the Greek word enkaiein, which translates to “to burn in.” Although the words share a linguistic origin, encaustic should not be mistaken for “caustic,” which refers to substances that cause chemical burns—encaustic painting involves no such hazard.
One of the unique qualities of encaustic is that the wax serves as its own protective finish. Because beeswax naturally seals the surface, additional varnish or glass covering—often needed with other types of artwork—is not required. It also offers strong resistance to moisture, which helps prevent deterioration of the paint layer. When polished, encaustic surfaces develop a rich sheen and enhance the depth of color, similar to the effect varnish has in other mediums.
History and Characteristics
This technique has been used for thousands of years, dating back to at least the 5th century B.C. Encaustic works are valued for their luminous colors and distinctive textures. The medium is not made from wax alone; beeswax is blended with damar resin, which increases hardness and raises the melting point, high quality pigments are added to create colors. This combination results in a stable, long-lasting material that is highly archival. As with any artwork, proper care will help preserve its appearance over time.
Caring for Encaustic Artwork
Temperature
Encaustic pieces perform best when kept within a moderate temperature range (approximately 40–125°F). Under normal indoor conditions, there is no risk of melting. However, avoid exposing artwork to extreme heat or cold—do not leave it in a hot vehicle, direct sunlight, or freezing environments.
Bloom
During the first 6–12 months, a faint white haze—known as “bloom”—may appear as the wax continues to cure and harden. This can also happen after exposure to cold temperatures. Bloom is normal and can be removed easily by gently buffing.
Buffing
A soft, lint-free cotton cloth or even the clean palm of your hand can be used to polish the surface to a high gloss. If the finish dulls over time, simply buffing again will restore its luster.
Displaying Your Artwork
Avoid placing encaustic pieces in direct sunlight. Prolonged exposure can damage any artwork, and encaustic is no exception. Certain pigments may fade, and temperature fluctuations tend to be greater in direct sun.
Handling
Handle artwork carefully to prevent dents or scratches. Clean, dry hands or cotton gloves are recommended to avoid transferring oils or dirt. Try not to touch the surface, as fingerprints can leave marks on the wax.
Cleaning
Once fully cured, encaustic naturally resists dust buildup. If cleaning is needed, first remove loose debris carefully to avoid scratching, then gently buff with a soft cotton cloth (such as an old T-shirt). Avoid paper towels, as they can be abrasive, and do not use liquid cleaners, which may damage the wax.
Storage
Store encaustic artwork in a clean, dry space at normal room temperature. Keep it away from excessive heat, cold, humidity, and direct sunlight. While encaustic paint itself does not yellow, unpigmented wax may darken slightly when stored in darkness; this effect reverses when the piece is returned to light.
Transportation
When moving encaustic artwork, protect it thoroughly. Wrap it in parchment or glassine paper, then cushion it with bubble wrap and place it in a sturdy container to prevent movement. Avoid placing bubble wrap directly against the surface, as it can leave impressions.
Professional Restoration
If damage occurs, consult an experienced encaustic artist or professional conservator for repair and preservation.
With proper care, encaustic artwork can maintain its beauty, texture, and vibrancy for generations.